The Science of Cannabinoids
Discover the naturally occurring compounds found in hemp and learn about the different types of CBD extracts.
What Are Cannabinoids?
Cannabinoids are a diverse group of over 100 chemical compounds found naturally in the Cannabis sativa plant. These molecules have become the subject of significant scientific interest and research in recent decades.
There are two main types of cannabinoids: phytocannabinoids (from plants) and endocannabinoids (produced naturally by the body). The discovery that the human body has its own cannabinoid system — the endocannabinoid system (ECS) — has been an important area of biological research since the 1990s.
Each cannabinoid has a unique molecular structure. Some, like THC, produce intoxicating effects. Others, like CBD, CBG, and CBN, are non-intoxicating. In cosmetic products, CBD is the most commonly used cannabinoid.
The Endocannabinoid System
Discovered in the 1990s, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex cell-signaling network identified across all mammals. It remains an active and evolving area of biological research.
CB1 Receptors
Brain & Nervous System
Found primarily in the brain, spinal cord, and nervous system. CB1 receptors were identified by researchers in 1990 and are one of the most abundant receptor types in the brain.
CB2 Receptors
Immune System & Periphery
Concentrated in immune cells and peripheral organs. CB2 receptors were identified in 1993 and are an active area of scientific research.
Endocannabinoids
Produced by Your Body
Your body naturally produces cannabinoids like anandamide (the 'bliss molecule') and 2-AG. Plant cannabinoids interact with the same system.
Key Cannabinoids
Each cannabinoid has a unique molecular structure. Our full and broad spectrum products preserve these naturally occurring compounds.
CBD
Cannabidiol
The most abundant non-intoxicating cannabinoid in hemp. CBD is a naturally occurring compound that has become one of the most widely studied phytocannabinoids.
CBG
Cannabigerol
Known as the 'mother cannabinoid' — the precursor from which other cannabinoids are biosynthesised in the hemp plant. Found in smaller quantities than CBD.
CBN
Cannabinol
A naturally occurring cannabinoid found in aged cannabis plants. CBN forms as THC oxidises over time, making it one of the first cannabinoids to be identified.
CBC
Cannabichromene
One of the major cannabinoids found in hemp. CBC is non-intoxicating and is present alongside CBD, CBG, and other compounds in full spectrum extracts.
THC
Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol
Present only in trace amounts (<0.2%) in our full spectrum products, in compliance with EU and UK regulations. Broad spectrum products contain 0% THC.
THCA & CBDA
Acidic Precursors
The raw, acidic forms of THC and CBD found in fresh hemp. These precursors convert to their neutral forms through heat (decarboxylation).
The Whole-Plant Profile
Full spectrum extracts preserve the complete natural profile of the hemp plant, including multiple cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids. This means the extract retains the same complex composition as the plant itself.
This is why many consumers prefer whole-plant extracts like our Full Spectrum oils — they contain the full range of naturally occurring compounds, rather than a single isolated cannabinoid.
Cannabinoids
CBD, CBG, CBN, and other naturally occurring compounds
Terpenes
Aromatic compounds contributing to the plant's character
Complete Profile
The full natural complexity of the hemp plant
Types of Extract
Full Spectrum
Contains all naturally occurring cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids from the hemp plant, including trace amounts of THC (< 0.2%). This preserves the complete natural profile of the plant.
Cannabinoid Profile
CBD, CBG, CBN, CBC, THC (<0.2%), CBDA, terpenes, flavonoids
Key Benefits
- Complete natural profile
- Rich terpene content
- Multiple cannabinoids
- Whole-plant extract
Found In:
Broad Spectrum
Contains a wide range of cannabinoids and terpenes, but with THC completely removed. Ideal for those who want to avoid any THC while still benefiting from multiple plant compounds.
Cannabinoid Profile
CBD, CBG, CBN, CBC, terpenes, flavonoids (0% THC)
Key Benefits
- Zero THC
- Multiple cannabinoids
- Terpene-rich
- Refined extract
Found In:
CBD Isolate
Pure CBD with no other cannabinoids or terpenes. The most refined form of CBD, typically 99%+ pure. Suitable for those who want only CBD without any other hemp compounds.
Cannabinoid Profile
CBD only (99%+ purity)
Key Benefits
- 99%+ pure CBD
- No THC
- No taste or odour
- Precise dosing
Found In:
The Power of Terpenes
Terpenes are aromatic compounds that give plants their distinctive scents. In hemp, they are found naturally alongside cannabinoids and contribute to each extract's unique character.
Myrcene
Earthy, musky, herbal
Most abundant hemp terpene
Limonene
Citrus, lemon, orange
Bright citrus aroma
Linalool
Floral, lavender
Distinctive floral note
Pinene
Pine, fresh, forest
Fresh woodland scent
Caryophyllene
Spicy, peppery, woody
Warm spicy character
Humulene
Hoppy, earthy
Subtle earthy notes
Cannabinoid FAQs
1What's the difference between cannabinoids and cannabis?
Cannabis is the plant; cannabinoids are the chemical compounds found within it. The cannabis plant contains over 100 different cannabinoids, including CBD, THC, CBG, and CBN. When we talk about cannabinoids, we're referring to these specific naturally occurring compounds.
2Are cannabinoid products regulated?
Yes. In the EU and UK, CBD products sold as cosmetics must comply with the EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC 1223/2009). This includes safety assessments, proper labelling, and notification on the CPNP (Cosmetic Products Notification Portal). All Icelandic Elements products are formulated for topical use and comply with applicable cosmetic regulations.
3Will cannabinoids show on a drug test?
Standard drug tests screen for THC, not CBD. Our Broad Spectrum products contain 0% THC and are designed to be drug-test friendly. Full Spectrum products contain trace amounts of THC (<0.2%), which is within legal limits. If drug testing is a concern, we recommend our Broad Spectrum options.
4Which product is right for me?
It depends on your preference: Full Spectrum for the complete natural plant profile; Broad Spectrum for those who prefer a THC-free formula; and specific product formats like our cream or scrub for different skincare needs. All our products are third-party lab tested.
Explore Our Premium CBD Products
Browse our collection of lab-tested, premium CBD products and find the perfect addition to your skincare routine.